What Are The Steps In The General Process Of Oil Drilling?

Drilling RigWhat Are The Steps In The General Process Of Oil Drilling?Drill Bit

After the oil and gas field development plan is determined, the development process begins, which includes two main links: drilling and production. The equipment involved in the drilling link includes the drilling rig equipment system (which includes eight major systems) and logging equipment, and the equipment involved in the production link includes oil production equipment and logging equipment.

Before drilling, the drilling location (i.e., drilling well location) must be determined on the ground first, and then the foundation for installing the drilling rig must be laid at the well location and the derrick and drilling rig must be installed. During the drilling operation, the drill pipe and drill bit are rotated by the power of the drilling rig, and the drill bit gradually breaks down the rock formations encountered and forms a wellbore (also called a wellbore). The size of the drilling wellbore is determined by the size of the drill bit.

While breaking the rock formation, the drill bit injects drilling fluidDrilling Fluid (commonly known as drilling mud) into the ground through the hollow drill pipe, and the large amount of rock cuttings generated by the drill bit in breaking the formation are brought to the ground by the circulating drilling fluid. After the ground solid control device removes the cuttings from the drilling fluid, the drilling fluid is pumped into the well again through the drilling mud pumpMud Pump. The drilling fluid passes through the inner hole of the drill pipe to the drill bit water hole, and then returns to the ground from the annular space between the well wall and the drill string. The drilling process is the process in which the drill bit breaks the rock and the drilling fluid continuously carries out the cuttings through circulation to form a wellbore. After drilling to the designed depth, a special instrument is put into the wellbore for logging operations, the purpose of which is to determine the lithology of the underground formation and the location of each oil, gas, and water layer, and then a seamless steel pipe (also called casing) smaller than the drilling wellbore is put in, and cement slurry is injected into the annular space between the casing and the well wall to fix the casing on the well wall. The last process is to perforate the casing at the oil layer position to artificially form a channel for underground oil and gas to flow into the casingCasing. When the formation pressure of oil and gas is high, it can flow out of the ground by itself. This kind of well is called a self-flowing oil and gas well. When the oil and gas pressure is low, it needs to be sucked from the well with external force. This kind of well is called a non-flowing well. During the drilling process, logging activities can be carried out by cable logging or logging while drilling.

To complete the above series of oil drilling work processes, the eight subsystems in the drilling rig equipment system need to work in coordination. They are: lifting system, rotation system, drilling fluid circulation system, transmission system, control system, power drive system, drilling rig base, and drilling rig auxiliary equipment system.